CLASSIFICATION OUTLINE

I. Domain: BACTERIA (cocci, bacilli, spirilli; prokaryotic)

A. Cyanobacteria (blue-green bacteria, blue-green algae)

1. Anabema (has heterocysts)

2. Oscillatoria

3. Spirulina

4. Stigonema

5. Scytonema

6. Nostoc

II. Domain: ARCHAEA (prokaryotic)

A. Thermophilic

B. Halophilic

C. methanogenic

III. Domain: EUKARYA

A. KINGDOM: FUNGI (chitin cell walls, no motile cells (except Chytrids); filamentous hyphae; mycelia; haploid; nutrition by absorption)

1. Division: Zygomycota (coenocytic hyphae, bread molds; zygosporangia)

a) Rhizopus (common bread mold)

b) Pilobolus (dung fungus; cap-thrower)

c) Entomophthora (parasitic on house flies)

d) Phycomyces (spiny zygosporangia)

2. Division: Ascomycota (sac fungi, lichen-forming fungi, imperfect: asci and ascospores; septate hyphae)

a) Class: Hemiascomycetes (most yeasts) NO ASCOCARPS

(1) Saccharomyces (baking and brewing yeast; budding)

(2) Schizosaccharomyces octosporus (fission yeast)

b) Class: Euascomycetes WITH ASCOCARPS

(1) Peziza (cup fungus; apothecium)

(2) Microsphaera (powdery mildew, cleistothecium)

(3) Morchella (edible morel; modified apothecium)

(4) Claviceps purpurea (ergot of rye; perithecium; sclerotium, stroma; St. Anthony’s Fire)

(5) Sordaria (perithecium; used in genetics lab)

(6) Tuber (truffles,edible hypogeous fungi; pigs)

c) Lichens (foliose, crustose, and fruticose forms)

(1) Physcia (a foliose lichen)

d) “Fungi Imperfecti” or “Deuteromycota” (asexual only, conidia)

(1) Penicillium (original source of penicillin, blue cheese)

(2) Aspergillus

(3) Fusarium

3. Division: Basidiomycota (club fungi; basidia and basidiospores)

a) CLASS: Teliomycetes (rusts) NO BASIDIOCARPS

(1) Puccinia graminis (wheat rust; aecia, telia, uredinia,

(2) spermagonia; barberry)

(3) cedar apple rust (junipers and apple trees)

b) CLASS: Ustomycetes (smuts) (formerly combined with the above Class)

(1) Usilago maydis (corn smut)

c) CLASS: Basidiomycetes

(1) Series: Hymenomycetes (mushrooms; BASIDIA ON THE BASIDIOCARP)

(a) Coprinus (inky cap mushroom)

(b) Agaricus (common edible mushroom)

(c) bracket fungi, polypores, coral fungi

(2) Series: Gasteromycetes BASIDIA IN THE BASIDIOCARP (puffballs, earth stars, stinkhorns, bird’s nest fungi)

B. KINGDOM: PROTISTA (Protoctista) (grouped on the basis of food reserve, cell wall chemistry, flagella, and pigments, etc.)

1. Heterotrophic Protists “Fungal-Like Protists”

a) Division: Oomycota (water molds; diploid, coenocytic hyphae; cellulose cell walls; tinsel and whiplash flagella)

(1) Saprolegnia (“ich” on aquarium fish)

(2) Plasmopara viticola (downy mildew of grape; fungicide)

(3) Phytophthora infestans (late blight of potato)

b) Division: Myxomycota (plasmodial slime molds)

(1) Physarum (plasmodial stage; myxamoebae; sporangia)

(2) various other sporangial stages

c) Division: Dictyosteliomycota (Acrasiomycota) cellular slime molds; pseudoplasmodia) Dictyostelium (sorocarps, amoeba; stalk cells, spore cells)

2. “Animal-Like Protists - Protozoa”

a) Phylum: Rhizopoda (amoebas, heliozoans, radiolarians, formaniniferans)

(1) Amoeba

b) Phylum: Zoomastiginia (flagellates)

(1) Giardia

(2) Trypanosoma gambiense (African Sleeping Sickness)

(3) T. cruzi (Chagas’ Disease)

c) Phylum: Ciliophora (ciliates)

(1) Paramecium

(2) Stentor

(3) Vorticella

d) Phylum: Apicomplexa (sporozoans)

(1) Plasmodium vivax (malaria)

3. Autotrophic “Algal” Protists

a) Division: Bacillariophyta (diatoms - centric and pinnate types; valves, raphe, diatomaceous earth)

b) Division: Dinophyta (Pyrrhophyta)(dinoflagellates; red tides)

(1) Gymnodinium (unarmored)

(2) Peridinium (armored)

(3) Noctiluca (bioluminescent)

c) Division: Euglenophyta (euglenoid flagellates, pellicle, paramylon

(1) Euglena

d) Division: Phaeophyta (brown algae; kelps,rockweeds; alginates; cold marine waters)

(1) Laminaria (kelp; heteromorphic alternation of generations)

(2) Macrocystis (kelps; each blade with a float)

(3) Nereocystis (another large kelp with a single float)

(4) Fucus (rockweed; diploid life cycle; receptacles, conceptacples)

(5) Sargassum (Sargasso Sea; free-floating)

e) Division: Rhodophyta (red algae; no motile cells, phycobilins; warm marine waters; agar, carrageenan)

(1) Polysiphonia (tetrasporophytes; carpospores; antheridia; carpogonia; carposporophytes)

(2) Corallina (coralline red alga)

f) Division: Chlorophyta (green algae; ancestors of plants)

(1) Chlamydomonas (a motile unicellular form)

(2) Volvox (a huge motile colonial form)

(3) Hydrodictyon (water net; non-motile-colonial)

(4) Acetabularia (mermaid’s wine glass; coenocytic, marine; used in development experiments)

(5) Ulva (sea lettuce; isomorphoric alternation of generations; marine)

(6) Micrasterias (a desmid; non-motile unicell; semicells)

(7) Spirogyra (filamentous; conjugation)

C. KINGDOM: PLANTAE (plants; all with heteromorphic alternation of generations cycle)